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The definition of a truss is any of various structural frames based on the
geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of straight members subject only
to longitudinal compression, tension, or both: functions as a beam or cantilever
to support bridges, roofs, etc.
Trusses are the most commonly used structural
device used in architecture today. Trusses are used in almost every thing they
are in your attic, barns, buildings, and bridges.
A truss is used in
architecture and engineering, it is a supporting structure made of beams,
girders, or rods usually made of steel or wood. A truss usually takes the form
of a triangle or combination of triangles, this design is capable of carrying
large amounts of weight.
Trusses are used for large spans and heavy loads,
especially in bridges and roofs. Their open construction is lighter than a beam
structured platform but is just as strong.
The parts of a truss are the
tie-beams, posts, rafters, and struts; the distance over which the truss extends
is called the span.
A truss is formed by connecting the ends of straight pieces
of metal or wood to form a series of triangles lying in a single plane. A truss
is based on the fact that a triangle is a configuration that cannot collapse or
change its shape unless the length of one of the sides is changed. The two most
commonly used truss designs are the Howe and Warren trusses.
In 1806 the first
patented bridge system, the Burr arch truss was used in the US. The Town truss
was invented in 1820, in 1840 the Howe truss was invented, and in 1841 the
bowstring was invented it was a breakthrough in engineering design.
The Pratt
and Warren trusses were invented between 1838 and 1844. The first trusses were
made of wood and used for building homes and roofs. During the 18th and early
19th centuries cast and wrought iron were used, mostly in the construction of
railroad bridges. .
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