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Imagery Depicted Through T.S. Elliot's “The Hollow Men” The imagery depicted
in T.S. Eliot's poem The Hollow Men evokes a sense of desolate hopelessness and
lends to Eliot's generally cynical view of civilization during this period in
history. A reaction of deep and profound disappointment in mankind around him is
made evident in this poem, first published in 1925. In this short piece, Eliot
lists several deep faults he finds in his fellow human beings, including
hypocrisy, insensability and indifference. Overall Elliot leaves the reader with
a feeling of overwhelming emptiness. An important feature of this poem is the
fact that the narration of the poem is in first person. This establishes Eliot's
and the readers relationship to the images and ideas presented. When the poem
begins We are the hollow men rather than They are ... or You are... the reader
is immediately included within this poem, along with Eliot himself. This type of
narration creates a sense of common hollowness and by the end of the poem,
therefore, a sense of common responsibility and guilt. Early in the poem, Eliot
creates a world of desolation. The idea of dryness is emphasized by the
repeadted use of the word dry in the first stanza, where we read of dried
voices, dry grass and dry cellar. When he mentions the sound of rats feet over
broken glass he subtly prods at our anxieties about disease and decay.
Eliot
then mentions the dead, calling them Those who have crossed...to death's other
kingdom. These people are made real by Eliot's repeated mention of their eyes.
He refers to them first as making their crossing into death with direct eyes,
meaning that they faced and surrendered to death, unable to turn away. Also he
states they have eyes I dare not meet in dreams, indicating that this narrator
fears addressing death, either his own or those who have crossed. Later in the
poem, in part IV, Eliot returns to the eyes imagery with The eyes are not
here/There are no eyes here. The absence of eyes, here, indicates Eliot's
condemnation of indifference among those still living to the fate of the dead.
Further into section IV he presents The hope only/Of empty men as being when and
if The eyes reappear/ As the perpetual star. Here Eliot calls for an opening of
eyes and cessation of disregard and indifference to these deaths.
The idea of
being afraid to face death and feeling guilt over the deaths of others
contributes to the full explanation of what Eliot means by hollow men. Besides
being afraid to face the eyes of the dead, just as the criminal cannot face the
eyes of his victim, this narrator also expresses a desire to hide from death
itself. When he wishes to also wear/Such deliberate disguises/Rat's coat, crowskin, crossed staves/In a field/Behaving as the wind behaves, we realize
that the hollowness is a disguise to fool death into going elsewhere. This
particular section of the poem overlapes images of rats and crows, animals
associated not only with death, but also with the scarecrow and it's crossed
support staves. Section V of the poem begins with a variation of a children's
rhyme, Here we go round the mulberry bush which replaces the mulberry with the
cactus called a prickly pear. This strange song comes somehow as a relief from
the desolate tone of the poem previously. The presence of the cactus instead of
the familiar mulberry keeps the reader in Eliot's world of desolation, while
bringing to mind the fact that innocent children still live and play in that
world, and that someone must take responsibility for the world they are born
into. The somewhat grim concluding stanza echoes the mulberry bush song from
earlier, this time with an even darker tone. Again the reader is confronted with
the image of children, their playfulness and hopefulness, paired with the image
of the death of not only men but of the entire world. Here Eliot plainly states
a ghastly warning about the path he sees his world taking. He sees it all coming
to an end not in some apocalyptic catastrophe, but through mankind allowing
himself to slowly decay and degrade to the point of oblivion.
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